Complaints generally occur during pregnancy. Complaints are generally obtained on the condition of pregnancy and is a normal occurrence. The complaint are:
1. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy
2. Heart burn
3. Constipation
4. Hemorrhoids
5. Varicose Veins (veins)
6. Vaginal spotting
7. Back pain (backache)
8. Urinary disorders
9. Swollen Gums
10. Sleep Disorders
11. Swelling of the Legs and Feet
1. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancyNausea and vomiting that occurs in pregnancy caused by hormonal changes that generally occur in early pregnancy (weeks 6-8, the top pda weeks 12-14, and improved at week-22) until the woman's body adapt to the increased production of hormones. Nausea and vomiting may occur throughout the day but worse in the morning because the stomach is empty or if the mother does not eat enough servings. Nausea and vomiting usually occurs in 80-85% of pregnancies during the first quarter, with the annoying symptoms of vomiting by 52%.
Treatment
* If vomiting is a problem in the morning, eat dry foods like cereal, bread, or crackers before getting out of bed in the morning, or try to eat high-protein snacks like cheese before going to bed (protein takes longer to digest)
* Eat a snack every 2-3 hours is better than 3 large meals. Eat slowly and chew food completely
* Eat foods that contain lots of fluids. Avoid large amounts of fluid consumption at a time. Try cold drinks, fruit juices such as apple or grape
* Avoid spicy foods, fried, or greasy
* When a woman is bothered by the smell, eat cold food at room temperature and avoid odors that bother
* Contact your doctor for the consumption of vitamin B6 or other drug therapy
* Contact your doctor if vomiting occurs continuously so that food or beverages can not enter. This can lead to dehydration (lack of fluids) and should be treated as soon as possible
A pregnant woman should be informed that nausea and vomiting during pregnancy will improve by itself in gestation 16-20 weeks, because the drug therapy in the first trimester is not recommended unless the complaint is getting worse. If the woman is asked or considered for the therapeutic treatment can be given to reduce symptoms include:
* Traditional medicine: ginger, P6 acupressure
* Medications: antihistamines (allergy), vitamin B6 is effective, but be careful of side effects, vitamin B12 is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting, but not researched its safety
Figure 1. Nausea during pregnancy
2. Heart burn
DefinitionHeart burn is a burning sensation or discomfort that is felt behind the breastbone or throat or both.
CauseThe cause of heart burn in pregnancy remains unclear but is assumed to be caused by hormonal changes that disrupt the movement of the stomach and result in gastroesophageal reflux. This happens because of hormonal changes that cause the movement of the digestive tract becomes longer. In addition, the enlarged uterus can also press the stomach and encouraging stomach acid to come out to the top. Heart burn can be followed by regurgitation of stomach acid reaches the throat or mouth and cause sour or bitter taste in the mouth. This complaint will not affect the pregnancy, and treatment does is to reduce the symptoms that occur.
Heart burn is a common complaint during pregnancy. Lifestyle modification is recommended to improve posture, maintaining a standing position, especially after eating, sleeping with your head slightly elevated, and dietary modifications such as eating small amounts of food, eating less fatty foods and foods that can irritate the stomach like caffeine.
Treatment
* Eat small meals rather than 3 meals in large portions
* Eat slowly
* Drink warm beverages such as tea
* Avoid eating spicy foods, fried
* Do not lie down immediately after eating
* Maintain the position of head of the bed higher than the foot. Or put a pillow under the shoulder to prevent acid reflux into the throat
* Do not mix fatty foods with sugary foods in a time and try to separate the liquid and solid foods
* Drugs
Choice of drug therapy for heart burn is antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump panghambat. These drugs are used to reduce the symptoms of acid reflux. Antacids can neutralize stomach acid and can be used to reduce symptoms of heart burn. H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine, may reduce production of stomach acid, is reported to be effective and safe for pregnant women. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole to suppress gastric acid production.Figure 2. Heart burn
3. Constipation (constipation)
DefinitionConstipation is a bottleneck expenditure from the remnants of food-related difficulties due CHAPTER hard stools accompanied by abdominal pain.
CauseConstipation in pregnant women is not only related to the lack of fiber intake, but also associated with increased hormone progesterone which causes reduced movement and increased gastric transit time of food in the stomach. Besides the emphasis rectum (lowest part of the large intestine) from an enlarged uterus can also cause constipation.
One study mentioned that the occurrence of constipation decreases with increasing gestational age. Wheat or foods that contain fiber effective in dealing with constipation. If the abdominal pain and constipation that happens there is no improvement with the intake of fibrous foods, then use as a stimulant laxatives are more effective than laxatives that make up the feces. Side effects include laxative use is diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Treatment
* Eat fiber foods (whole grain breads, fruits, vegetables)
* Drink adequate amounts of fluids (6-8 glasses of water and 1 -2 glasses of juice per day)
* Drink warm drinks especially in the morning
* Have a special time for the bowel and avoid straining when CHAPTER
* When on the toilet can do a sit up straight and leaning slightly backward, raise your arms up to activate bowel movement, moving from side to side to facilitate bowel movement, and place one foot on a box to reduce the pressure of the anus (rectum)
* If a job that requires sitting all the time, stand up and walk every hour or whenever there is time
* Discuss with your doctor the use of laxatives
4. Hemorrhoids
DefinitionHemorrhoids or commonly known as piles or hemorrhoids are bulging veins around the anus (rectum) is characterized by bleeding anorectal (anus and rectum area <bagian besar> the lower intestine), pain and itching in the anus.
CauseLess fiber intake and pregnancy is a trigger factor for the occurrence of hemorrhoids. Emphasis on the rectum and the vagina due to the growth of the baby can cause hemorrhoids in pregnant women. In one study, it is said that 8% of pregnant women experience hemorrhoids in the last 3 months of pregnancy.
TreatmentTreatment for haemorrhoids includes diet modification, creams (such as Anusol-HC), the treatment of oral (by mouth), and operations. There has been no evidence of efficacy and safety mengnenai use of cream for pregnant women. Based on the research, found that 84% of pregnant women experienced improvement in symptoms after being given oral medication. In severe cases, surgical treatment can be performed. Operation in general is rarely done in pregnant women because of hemorrhoids will shrink by itself when the woman is giving birth. Lifestyle modification pregnant women with hemorrhoids:
* Drink plenty of water and fruits can soften stool
* Avoid the occurrence of constipation because constipation can cause hemorrhoids and causes it to feel more pain
* Avoid sitting or standing for long periods, change positions periodically
* Try not straining when CHAPTER
* Cold compresses or ice on the area using a venous enlargement (anus) or a bath with warm water several times a day to reduce pain
* Avoid tight underwear, tight pants
* Discuss the hemorrhoid treatment with the treating physician
5. Varicose Veins
DefinitionVaricose veins are caused by venous pooling of blood in the peripheral (edge) due to inefficiency of the existing valve. In normal conditions, the valves in the veins prevent blood flowing back into the leg. Increased blood volume and increased pressure from an enlarged uterus can slow blood flow, which cause enlargement or swelling of the veins. Varicose veins can be a widening of the blue veins on the surface of the skin, itching, and cause discomfort. Legs and joints can become swollen. Varicose veins are common complaints of pregnancy.Suppressive therapy using special stockings can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins that have been happening but can not prevent varicose veins that will happen.
Treatment
* Avoid sitting or standing for long periods, change positions periodically
* Avoid being in a position to restrict the blood circulation in the limbs (such as crossing legs when sitting)
* Elevate your legs and feet when sitting
* Exercise regularly
* The use of stockings, but avoid wearing pants that are too tight in the leg
Figure 3. Varicose leg and the use of stockings on varicose veins
6. Vaginal spotting
Increased blood supply and hormonal causes increased production of vaginal fluid. The quality and quantity of vaginal spotting changed when the woman is pregnant. Women generally produces more vaginal fluid while pregnant. Normal vaginal spotting is generally white or clear, do not itch or feel hot, odorless, and can appear yellow or dry on underwear. If these patches have a bad smell followed by itching or burning, associated with pain when urinating, the woman may suffer from bacterial vaginosis (bacterial infection), trichomoniasis (parasites), or candidiasis (yeast).
Treatment
* Use of underwear that has a material made of cotton or natural fiber
* Avoid pemakaina jeans or tight pants
* Do not use liquid cleaners vagina. This can cause the entry of air circulating in the blood or amniotic fluid can be solved in the final quarter of pregnancy
* Clean the vaginal area using water and soap
* Wipe from front to back
* Contact your doctor if experiencing symptoms of burning, itching, swelling, bad smell, blood spots, or patches of light green or yellow vaginal
7. Back Pain
Back pain during pregnancy varies between 35-60%. Among all women, 47-60% reported that back pain in pregnancy 5-7 months. In addition also reported that back pain is getting worse in the afternoon.Back pain in pregnant women associated with weight gain from an enlarged uterus and stretching of the muscle relaxant support because the hormone (the hormone that makes à weak muscle relaxation) are produced.There are three types that can be done on the management of back pain due to pregnancy are:1. Gymnastics in the water2. Pillows Ozzlo3. Acupuncture associated with physiotherapy4. Lifestyle modification
* Wear low-heeled shoes (but not flat)
* Avoid lifting heavy objects
* Perform a squatting position when retrieving items that had fallen compared with a bent position
* Do not stand too long, when to stand in a long time then put one foot on the little box below
* Sit in a chair with good back brace, or place a small pillow behind your back and place your feet on the little box below
* Sleep on the left or right by using the roll between his legs to brace
* Give a bottle of hot water and wipe or hot baths or massage
* Do exercise to strengthen back muscles
* Standing in the correct position. Standing up straight will ease back stretch
* Check with health professionals when experiencing lower back pain radiating to the abdomen and does not improve with a change in position or rest for 1 hour. This may be a sign of premature birth
Figure 4. Back pain8. Urinary disorders
In the first quarter, an enlarged uterus and fetal growth can suppress bladder causing frequent urination in pregnant women. This can happen again in the third quarter when the baby's head was in the pelvic cavity before birth.Suggested
* Avoid tight underwear
* Check with health professionals when there is pain or burning when urinating. This can be a sign of a urinary tract infection that must be addressed
9. Swollen Gums
Increased blood circulation and hormonal supply may cause pain, swelling, and bleeding of the gums called epulis.Suggested
* Treat your teeth carefully. Toothbrushes and dental floss on a regular basis
* Perform regular dental examinations to ensure healthy teeth and mouth
Figure 5. Swollen gums
10. Sleep Disorders
Difficulty finding a comfortable resting position can occur in pregnancy.Suggested
* Do not use sleeping pills
* Drink warm milk before bed
* Bath using warm water before bed
* Use extra pillows to support (brace) when sleeping. Lying on her side, put a pillow under the head, abdomen, back, and between the two legs to prevent stretching of the muscles and help the rest position
11. Swelling of the Legs and Feet
The emphasis of blood vessels due to the growth of the fetus causes fluid retention in the legs so that there was edema (swelling) in the legs and feet.Suggested
* Do not stand in a long time
* Drink plenty of fluids (6-8 glasses per day)
* Avoid foods with high salt levels
* Put the leg and foot in a high position when sitting, avoid crossing your legs
* Avoid using tight shoes, choose shoes that are entitled to low
* Diets rich in protein, low in protein can cause edema
* Resting in a position tilted to the left or right to help the drainage of blood to the kidneys
Read more »»
1. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy
2. Heart burn
3. Constipation
4. Hemorrhoids
5. Varicose Veins (veins)
6. Vaginal spotting
7. Back pain (backache)
8. Urinary disorders
9. Swollen Gums
10. Sleep Disorders
11. Swelling of the Legs and Feet
1. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancyNausea and vomiting that occurs in pregnancy caused by hormonal changes that generally occur in early pregnancy (weeks 6-8, the top pda weeks 12-14, and improved at week-22) until the woman's body adapt to the increased production of hormones. Nausea and vomiting may occur throughout the day but worse in the morning because the stomach is empty or if the mother does not eat enough servings. Nausea and vomiting usually occurs in 80-85% of pregnancies during the first quarter, with the annoying symptoms of vomiting by 52%.
Treatment
* If vomiting is a problem in the morning, eat dry foods like cereal, bread, or crackers before getting out of bed in the morning, or try to eat high-protein snacks like cheese before going to bed (protein takes longer to digest)
* Eat a snack every 2-3 hours is better than 3 large meals. Eat slowly and chew food completely
* Eat foods that contain lots of fluids. Avoid large amounts of fluid consumption at a time. Try cold drinks, fruit juices such as apple or grape
* Avoid spicy foods, fried, or greasy
* When a woman is bothered by the smell, eat cold food at room temperature and avoid odors that bother
* Contact your doctor for the consumption of vitamin B6 or other drug therapy
* Contact your doctor if vomiting occurs continuously so that food or beverages can not enter. This can lead to dehydration (lack of fluids) and should be treated as soon as possible
A pregnant woman should be informed that nausea and vomiting during pregnancy will improve by itself in gestation 16-20 weeks, because the drug therapy in the first trimester is not recommended unless the complaint is getting worse. If the woman is asked or considered for the therapeutic treatment can be given to reduce symptoms include:
* Traditional medicine: ginger, P6 acupressure
* Medications: antihistamines (allergy), vitamin B6 is effective, but be careful of side effects, vitamin B12 is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting, but not researched its safety
Figure 1. Nausea during pregnancy
2. Heart burn
DefinitionHeart burn is a burning sensation or discomfort that is felt behind the breastbone or throat or both.
CauseThe cause of heart burn in pregnancy remains unclear but is assumed to be caused by hormonal changes that disrupt the movement of the stomach and result in gastroesophageal reflux. This happens because of hormonal changes that cause the movement of the digestive tract becomes longer. In addition, the enlarged uterus can also press the stomach and encouraging stomach acid to come out to the top. Heart burn can be followed by regurgitation of stomach acid reaches the throat or mouth and cause sour or bitter taste in the mouth. This complaint will not affect the pregnancy, and treatment does is to reduce the symptoms that occur.
Heart burn is a common complaint during pregnancy. Lifestyle modification is recommended to improve posture, maintaining a standing position, especially after eating, sleeping with your head slightly elevated, and dietary modifications such as eating small amounts of food, eating less fatty foods and foods that can irritate the stomach like caffeine.
Treatment
* Eat small meals rather than 3 meals in large portions
* Eat slowly
* Drink warm beverages such as tea
* Avoid eating spicy foods, fried
* Do not lie down immediately after eating
* Maintain the position of head of the bed higher than the foot. Or put a pillow under the shoulder to prevent acid reflux into the throat
* Do not mix fatty foods with sugary foods in a time and try to separate the liquid and solid foods
* Drugs
Choice of drug therapy for heart burn is antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, and proton pump panghambat. These drugs are used to reduce the symptoms of acid reflux. Antacids can neutralize stomach acid and can be used to reduce symptoms of heart burn. H2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine, may reduce production of stomach acid, is reported to be effective and safe for pregnant women. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole to suppress gastric acid production.Figure 2. Heart burn
3. Constipation (constipation)
DefinitionConstipation is a bottleneck expenditure from the remnants of food-related difficulties due CHAPTER hard stools accompanied by abdominal pain.
CauseConstipation in pregnant women is not only related to the lack of fiber intake, but also associated with increased hormone progesterone which causes reduced movement and increased gastric transit time of food in the stomach. Besides the emphasis rectum (lowest part of the large intestine) from an enlarged uterus can also cause constipation.
One study mentioned that the occurrence of constipation decreases with increasing gestational age. Wheat or foods that contain fiber effective in dealing with constipation. If the abdominal pain and constipation that happens there is no improvement with the intake of fibrous foods, then use as a stimulant laxatives are more effective than laxatives that make up the feces. Side effects include laxative use is diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Treatment
* Eat fiber foods (whole grain breads, fruits, vegetables)
* Drink adequate amounts of fluids (6-8 glasses of water and 1 -2 glasses of juice per day)
* Drink warm drinks especially in the morning
* Have a special time for the bowel and avoid straining when CHAPTER
* When on the toilet can do a sit up straight and leaning slightly backward, raise your arms up to activate bowel movement, moving from side to side to facilitate bowel movement, and place one foot on a box to reduce the pressure of the anus (rectum)
* If a job that requires sitting all the time, stand up and walk every hour or whenever there is time
* Discuss with your doctor the use of laxatives
4. Hemorrhoids
DefinitionHemorrhoids or commonly known as piles or hemorrhoids are bulging veins around the anus (rectum) is characterized by bleeding anorectal (anus and rectum area <bagian besar> the lower intestine), pain and itching in the anus.
CauseLess fiber intake and pregnancy is a trigger factor for the occurrence of hemorrhoids. Emphasis on the rectum and the vagina due to the growth of the baby can cause hemorrhoids in pregnant women. In one study, it is said that 8% of pregnant women experience hemorrhoids in the last 3 months of pregnancy.
TreatmentTreatment for haemorrhoids includes diet modification, creams (such as Anusol-HC), the treatment of oral (by mouth), and operations. There has been no evidence of efficacy and safety mengnenai use of cream for pregnant women. Based on the research, found that 84% of pregnant women experienced improvement in symptoms after being given oral medication. In severe cases, surgical treatment can be performed. Operation in general is rarely done in pregnant women because of hemorrhoids will shrink by itself when the woman is giving birth. Lifestyle modification pregnant women with hemorrhoids:
* Drink plenty of water and fruits can soften stool
* Avoid the occurrence of constipation because constipation can cause hemorrhoids and causes it to feel more pain
* Avoid sitting or standing for long periods, change positions periodically
* Try not straining when CHAPTER
* Cold compresses or ice on the area using a venous enlargement (anus) or a bath with warm water several times a day to reduce pain
* Avoid tight underwear, tight pants
* Discuss the hemorrhoid treatment with the treating physician
5. Varicose Veins
DefinitionVaricose veins are caused by venous pooling of blood in the peripheral (edge) due to inefficiency of the existing valve. In normal conditions, the valves in the veins prevent blood flowing back into the leg. Increased blood volume and increased pressure from an enlarged uterus can slow blood flow, which cause enlargement or swelling of the veins. Varicose veins can be a widening of the blue veins on the surface of the skin, itching, and cause discomfort. Legs and joints can become swollen. Varicose veins are common complaints of pregnancy.Suppressive therapy using special stockings can reduce the symptoms of varicose veins that have been happening but can not prevent varicose veins that will happen.
Treatment
* Avoid sitting or standing for long periods, change positions periodically
* Avoid being in a position to restrict the blood circulation in the limbs (such as crossing legs when sitting)
* Elevate your legs and feet when sitting
* Exercise regularly
* The use of stockings, but avoid wearing pants that are too tight in the leg
Figure 3. Varicose leg and the use of stockings on varicose veins
6. Vaginal spotting
Increased blood supply and hormonal causes increased production of vaginal fluid. The quality and quantity of vaginal spotting changed when the woman is pregnant. Women generally produces more vaginal fluid while pregnant. Normal vaginal spotting is generally white or clear, do not itch or feel hot, odorless, and can appear yellow or dry on underwear. If these patches have a bad smell followed by itching or burning, associated with pain when urinating, the woman may suffer from bacterial vaginosis (bacterial infection), trichomoniasis (parasites), or candidiasis (yeast).
Treatment
* Use of underwear that has a material made of cotton or natural fiber
* Avoid pemakaina jeans or tight pants
* Do not use liquid cleaners vagina. This can cause the entry of air circulating in the blood or amniotic fluid can be solved in the final quarter of pregnancy
* Clean the vaginal area using water and soap
* Wipe from front to back
* Contact your doctor if experiencing symptoms of burning, itching, swelling, bad smell, blood spots, or patches of light green or yellow vaginal
7. Back Pain
Back pain during pregnancy varies between 35-60%. Among all women, 47-60% reported that back pain in pregnancy 5-7 months. In addition also reported that back pain is getting worse in the afternoon.Back pain in pregnant women associated with weight gain from an enlarged uterus and stretching of the muscle relaxant support because the hormone (the hormone that makes à weak muscle relaxation) are produced.There are three types that can be done on the management of back pain due to pregnancy are:1. Gymnastics in the water2. Pillows Ozzlo3. Acupuncture associated with physiotherapy4. Lifestyle modification
* Wear low-heeled shoes (but not flat)
* Avoid lifting heavy objects
* Perform a squatting position when retrieving items that had fallen compared with a bent position
* Do not stand too long, when to stand in a long time then put one foot on the little box below
* Sit in a chair with good back brace, or place a small pillow behind your back and place your feet on the little box below
* Sleep on the left or right by using the roll between his legs to brace
* Give a bottle of hot water and wipe or hot baths or massage
* Do exercise to strengthen back muscles
* Standing in the correct position. Standing up straight will ease back stretch
* Check with health professionals when experiencing lower back pain radiating to the abdomen and does not improve with a change in position or rest for 1 hour. This may be a sign of premature birth
Figure 4. Back pain8. Urinary disorders
In the first quarter, an enlarged uterus and fetal growth can suppress bladder causing frequent urination in pregnant women. This can happen again in the third quarter when the baby's head was in the pelvic cavity before birth.Suggested
* Avoid tight underwear
* Check with health professionals when there is pain or burning when urinating. This can be a sign of a urinary tract infection that must be addressed
9. Swollen Gums
Increased blood circulation and hormonal supply may cause pain, swelling, and bleeding of the gums called epulis.Suggested
* Treat your teeth carefully. Toothbrushes and dental floss on a regular basis
* Perform regular dental examinations to ensure healthy teeth and mouth
Figure 5. Swollen gums
10. Sleep Disorders
Difficulty finding a comfortable resting position can occur in pregnancy.Suggested
* Do not use sleeping pills
* Drink warm milk before bed
* Bath using warm water before bed
* Use extra pillows to support (brace) when sleeping. Lying on her side, put a pillow under the head, abdomen, back, and between the two legs to prevent stretching of the muscles and help the rest position
11. Swelling of the Legs and Feet
The emphasis of blood vessels due to the growth of the fetus causes fluid retention in the legs so that there was edema (swelling) in the legs and feet.Suggested
* Do not stand in a long time
* Drink plenty of fluids (6-8 glasses per day)
* Avoid foods with high salt levels
* Put the leg and foot in a high position when sitting, avoid crossing your legs
* Avoid using tight shoes, choose shoes that are entitled to low
* Diets rich in protein, low in protein can cause edema
* Resting in a position tilted to the left or right to help the drainage of blood to the kidneys